Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the failure of the large intestine to operate as it should. This condition affects people of all ages, including children. In children with IBS, the large intestine appears to be more sensitive and reactive than normal, resulting in an array of chronic symptoms that commonly occur after eating or when under stress.

Children with IBS may experience discomfort or pain – as well as embarrassment – as a result of the condition. The most common symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain and/or cramping accompanied by diarrhea, constipation or both. Most children with IBS alternate between periods of diarrhea and constipation, but some children mainly experience one of these symptoms. Other symptoms of IBS include gas, bloating and indigestion.

Between 6 and 14 percent of adolescents are diagnosed with IBS, according to the International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD).

IBS is a disorder rather than a disease and does not involve actual physical damage. Examination of children with IBS will reveal no abnormality of or damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, a physician may diagnose IBS based on a child’s symptoms. Various imaging or laboratory tests may also be conducted to rule out other possible medical conditions.

No single cause for IBS has been identified, although many factors can trigger symptoms.  Emotional trauma is strongly associated with episodes of IBS in children and moving to a new town, starting a new school, family turmoil and other trauma are all potential triggers of the condition. In addition, foods such as greasy foods, chocolate or milk often cause symptoms in some children. 

There is no known cure for IBS. Therefore, treatment consists of controlling its symptoms. Various medications can be used to prevent or reduce symptoms. Symptoms such as abdominal pain are often relieved by having a bowel movement.

Avoiding particular foods that may aggravate IBS symptoms is a common strategy for preventing flare-ups. Activities that reduce stress levels may also help prevent IBS symptoms. Urging children to get regular exercise and adequate sleep can help reduce symptoms. Parents who offer loving support and who listen to their child’s concerns can help to reduce the stress that sometimes causes IBS.