Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. There are five major types – A, B, C, D and E. All of these viruses cause acute liver inflammation, which often resolves on its own without treatment after a period of time. However, some people with hepatitis B or C develop a chronic infection that damages the liver. Left untreated, hepatitis can cause cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver failure or liver cancer. These conditions are potentially fatal.

Hepatitis A and E are primarily spread through contact with the fecal matter of people infected with these viruses. Hepatitis B, C and D are primarily spread through contact with the bodily fluids of people infected with these viruses. In the United States, hepatitis A, B and C are far more common than hepatitis D or E. Vaccines have been developed to help prevent hepatitis A and B.

Women who have viral hepatitis – particularly hepatitis B – can pass this virus on to their children during childbirth, often with devastating consequences. For this reason, it is important that pregnant women have a blood test to screen for hepatitis as part of their  prenatal care. If the mother tests positive, the baby can be given medicines shortly after birth that can reduce the long-term risk to the child’s health.