Herpes simplex is a virus that causes blisters and sores. There are two types: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2).

HSV-1 is usually associated with the cold sores or fever blisters people frequently get on the mouth, lips or nose, but in some cases HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes. HSV-1 infection of the genitals can be caused by oral contact with the genitals or genital-to-genital contact with a person infected with HSV-1. Only 5 to 10 percent of genital herpes is caused by HSV-1, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Most genital herpes cases are caused by HSV-2 infection, which is spread through sexual contact (vaginal, oral or anal) with an infected partner. It can be spread even if the infected person is not experiencing symptoms. Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1 million Americans become infected each year with genital herpes.

HPV-1 infection is by far more common. An estimated 90 percent of the U.S. population has been exposed to HSV-1, and 25 percent of young adults (ages 25 to 45) have been exposed to HSV-2, according to the NIH.

Many people with genital herpes experience no symptoms. When present, early symptoms include itching or burning in the genital or anal area and flu-like symptoms. Later symptoms include blisters or sores and vaginal discharge.

If a woman is experiencing sores, genital herpes may be diagnosed during a gynecological examination. Laboratory tests, such as viral cultures (tests performed by placing a tissue sample in a container where a virus can grow) or blood tests, may be performed to confirm diagnosis.

There is no cure for herpes as the herpes simplex virus remains in an individual’s body for life. However, antiviral medications can ease symptoms, reduce the number of outbreaks and help prevent transmission of the virus.

Using a latex condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex can help prevent the spread of the virus. However, abstinence from sexual activity or maintaining a monogamous relationship with an uninfected person is the most effective way of reducing the risk of herpes.